We propose and demonstrate the first analytical model of the spatial resolution of frequency-domain (FD) fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) that explains how it is fundamentally different with the common resolution limit of the …
In this paper, we show that interfering multiple photon density waves created by intensity-modulated sources in frequency domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (fd-DOS) can be used to recover the optical properties of homogenous and heterogeneous …
Fluorophore saturation is the key factor limiting the speed and excitation range of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). For example, fluorophore saturation causes incorrect lifetime measurements when using conventional frequency-domain …
We present a series of experiments that demonstrate a super-sensitive chemical imaging technique based on multiphoton frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (MPM-FD-FLIM) that shows a 2× improvement in imaging speed compared to the …
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has enabled three-dimensional quantitative molecular microscopy in vivo. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and thus the imaging rate of MPM-FLIM, which is …